HOW PSYCHOLOGY'S THREE MAIN LEVELS OF ANALYSIS WORKS?
Biopsychosocial Approach Bio-Psycho-Social Approach
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LET US KNOW OVERCONFIDENCE
Overconfidence We generally tend to think that we know more than we do. If someone asks us questions about the certainty of our answer we tend to be more confident than correct. The best example is the following anagram given by Richard Goranson (1978). He asked people to unscramble the alphabets: WREAT – WATER ETRYN – ENTRY GRABE – BARGE Now see how many seconds would you require to unscramble this alphabet. Did hindsight bias come in the way? Knowing answers make us overconfident. The solution would take only 10 seconds for us to answer while in reality, the problem solver requires 3 minutes. The question arises are we better at predicting social behaviors? Students show that this may not be always the case. Philip Turlock (1998,2005) collected more than 27000 expert predictions on world events such as the future of South Africa or whether Quebec would separate from Canada. He found that these predictions which experts made with 80% confidence on average were right less ...
HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR RETENTION AND GRADES?
Improve Your Retention and Grades Very often students are under the impression that to memorize their new learning properly, they need to keep revising the new lesson, i.e., to keep rereading it again and again. But memory researcher Henry Roediger and Jeffrey Karpicke (2006) believe that apart from a rehearsal of the material you need to repeatedly do self-testing yourselves. They called it a testing effect or retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning. They demonstrated in one of their studies in 2008 that students could recall the meaning of 40 previously learned Swahili words much better if they repeatedly tested themselves, rather than if they spent the same time restudying the words. The key is that to master new information, you must actively process that information. Our brain is like a muscle that grows stronger with exercise. Many studies have shown that people can learn and remember better when they put the material to be learned in their own words, rehearse i...
